MACROPHAGES

Macrophages are the primary target cells for these AHF-causing arenaviruses. A membrane-bound glycoprotein (GP1) binds to the host receptor, and the virus enters the cell by endocytosis.

Replication occurs in the cytoplasm of the host cell.

There is typically strong upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and altered coagulation following dramatic increases in thrombopoietin and decreases in erythropoietin. Unlike some other hemorrhagic fevers, the endothelium typically experiences only minor damage in AHF.

The Reservoir. Rodents are the natural reservoirs for each of the viruses causing the four AHF. The reservoir for Machupo virus is Calomys callosus, commonly known as the large vesper mouse:

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